EDGE

Intro

Example combined integral field spectrograph (IFS) and CO interferometric dataset for a galaxy, NGC5633 (from Bolatto et al. 2017). The first row are CO quantities, the second are example IFU quantities, the third are IFU derived quantities.

EDGE measures kpc-scale molecular gas distributions and kinematics in galaxies with pre-existing integral field unit observations. These data enable the investigation of a number of key questions:

• What governs the molecular gas supply and its processing? Accretion, feedback, or both? The combination of cold gas and optical IFU data, probing the mass, metallicity, and kinematics of both stars and gas, provides fundamental constraints on star formation and galaxy evolution models.
• How universal is the SFR-H2 relation? By sampling the full range of galaxy properties, we look to place the physics behind the spatially resolved star formation law on a more secure footing. The inclusion of metallicity data is also crucial since it represents a third parameter in the observational star formation law through its effect on the CO-to-H2 conversion factor.
• What are the roles of gas supply, feedback, and environment in the life of a galaxy? A statistically significant sample of galaxies enables a direct study of the effects of AGN and stellar feedback as well as environment (field, groups, clusters) on the transformation of galaxies from the blue sequence to the red cloud, and the evolution and distribution of the molecular gas.

CARMA-EDGE

CO peak temperature maps for CARMA-EDGE galaxies. You can download the image here.

The original sample, 126 IR bright galaxies drawn from the original CALIFA sample (Sánchez et al. 2012), observed with the CARMA interferometer in CO (1-0) and 13CO (1-0), and combined with the CALIFA IFU data. It is documented in Bolatto et al. (2017).

iEDGE

The iEDGE (integrated Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution) provides a homogenised database of 643 galaxies drawn from the CALIFA survey, combining spatially resolved optical integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) with millimeter observations of emission in CO lines from APEX, CARMA, and ACA. The dataset includes global and aperture-matched measurements of stellar continuum, nebular emission lines, and molecular gas masses, all corrected for systematic effects such as beam size, sensitivity variations, and aperture coverage. Stellar masses in the sample span ~10⁹–10^11.5 Msun, with star formation rates covering four orders of magnitude (~10^-3 - 10² Msun/yr) and molecular gas masses extending from ~10⁷ to 10¹¹ Msun. The database delivers consistent measurements of derived quantities such as molecular gas fractions and star formation efficiencies, enabling direct comparison across various galaxy populations with different properties (including morphology, nuclear activity, and quenching stage). Measurements are provided for both full galaxy extents (typically up to 2 times the effective radius R_eff) and central regions (1 R_eff), ensuring that structural and environmental trends can be robustly assessed. iEDGE thus constitutes a comprehensive, uniform, and statistically powerful resource for studies of the interplay between stellar populations, ionised gas, and molecular reservoirs in nearby galaxies. The iEDGE has been presented in Colombo et al. 2020, A&A 644, 97; Colombo et al. 2025, A&A 699, 366; Colombo et al. 2025, A&A 699, 367; Bazzi et al. 2025, A&A 697, 149. The iEDGE is available for download on Zenodo.

ACA-EDGE

CO peak temperature maps for 70 out of 138 ACA-EDGE galaxies. You can download the image here.

The sample obtained at the Atacama Compact Array (the Morita Array) consists of a total of 138 galaxies observed in CO (2-1) over two cycles (7 and 10). The cycle 7 sample is described in Villanueva et al. (2024). Stay put for the rest of the data!

GBT-EDGE

In 2021 we started a large program at the Green Bank Telescope using the Argus array receiver to map CO (1-0) emission in more CALIFA galaxies. We have recently completed the observations, and there is an advanced paper draft in progress (Teng et al. 2026).

Publications

List of publications (ADS library):

1. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Interferometric Observations of 126 Galaxies with CARMA”, 2017, Bolatto et al.
2. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Variations in the Molecular Gas Depletion Time in Local Galaxies”, 2017, Utomo et al.
3. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: The Influence of Galactic Rotation on the Molecular Depletion Time Across the Hubble Sequence”, 2017, Colombo et al.
4. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Validating Stellar Dynamical Mass Models with CO Kinematics”, 2018, Leung et al.
5. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Molecular and Ionized Gas Kinematics in Nearby Galaxies”, 2018, Levy et al.
6. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Evidence for Pervasive Extraplanar Diffuse Ionized Gas in Nearby Edge-On Galaxies”, 2019, Levy et al.
7. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Exploring the Star Formation Law through Variable Selection”, 2019, Dey et al.
8. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Using Optical Extinction to Probe the Spatially Resolved Distribution of Gas in Nearby Galaxies”, 2020, Barrera-Ballesteros et al.
9. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Exploring the Role of the Molecular Gas on the Galaxy Star Formation Quenching”, 2020, Colombo et al.
10. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: The Local and Global Relations between Σ_*, Σ_SFR, and Σ_mol that Regulate Star Formation”, 2021, Sánchez et al.
11. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: The Spatially Resolved Star Formation Rate-Hydrostatic Mid-Plane Pressure Relation”, 2021, Barrera-Ballesteros et al.
12. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Central molecular gas depletion in AGN host galaxies - a smoking gun for quenching?”, 2021, Ellison et al.
13. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: The Resolved Star Formation Efficiency and Local Physical Conditions”, 2021, Villanueva-Llanos et al.
14. “The EDGE-CALIFA survey: The role of spiral arms and bars in driving central molecular gas concentrations”, 2022, Yu et al.
15. “Exploring the Impact of Galactic Interactions and Mergers on the Central Star Formation of APEX/EDGE-CALIFA Galaxies”, 2023, Garay-Solis et al.
16. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Spatially Resolved 13CO(1-0) Observations and Variations in 12CO(1-0)/13CO(1-0) in Nearby Galaxies on kpc Scales”, 2023, Cao et al.
17. “The EDGE-CALIFA survey: Molecular Gas and Star Formation Activity Across the Green Valley”, 2024, Villanueva-Llanos et al.
18. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: An Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution Studies”, 2024, Wong et al.
19. “Exploring the Impact of Galactic Interactions and Mergers on the Central Oxygen Abundance of APEX/EDGE-CALIFA Galaxies” , 2025, Garay-Solis et al.
20. “Central versus Global Quenching Traced by the APEX-CALIFA Survey” 2025, Barrera-Ballesteros et al.
21. “The EDGE-CALIFA survey: Star formation relationships for galaxies at different stages of their evolution”, 2025, Colombo et al.
22. “The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: An integral field unit-based integrated molecular gas database for galaxy evolution studies in the Local Universe”, 2025, Colombo et al.
23. “The EDGE-CALIFA survey: The effect of active galactic nucleus feedback on the integrated properties of galaxies at different stages of their evolution”, 2025, Bazzi et al.
24. "The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: influence of mergers on radial profiles of star-formation properties", 2025, Garay-Solis et al.

Data and Software Download

CARMA data download and visualization.
A full description of the pipeline is in Bolatto et al. (2017).

The following resources are described in Wong et al. (2024)
HDF5 tables.
First release of Python package
In-progress version of Python package

The iEDGE is available for download on Zenodo

Team

The PI and co-PI of EDGE are Alberto Bolatto (University of Maryland) and Tony Wong (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) who together with Sebastian Sanchez (Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias/Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) are the leadership of EDGE. Over the years many people have made key contributions, including senior team members and their students and postdocs.

The first EDGE-CALIFA meeting took place in Maryland on April 2015. Some of the original team members can be seen here. Left to right: Karin Sandstrom, Stuart Vogel, Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Glenn van de Ven, Erik Rosolowsky, Tony Wong, Adam Leroy, Dyas Utomo, Peter Teuben, Leo Blitz, Alberto Bolatto, Eve Ostriker, Helmut Dannerbauer, Yixian Cao.

The attendees to the third EDGE-CALIFA collaboration meeting on March 2017, at Berkeley, in the new Campbell Hall terrace.

The fifth team meeting at Mexico City in July 2019, hosted by the UNAM.

The tenth anniversary meeting (in person and virtual) on July 2025 at UIUC in Urbana-Champaign.

Dinner at the house of our host on July 2025.

About

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Elements

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